Literary Fiction vs. Genre Fiction
Genre fiction is plot driven and attracts a broad audience. It may fall into
any category, such as mystery, romance, science fiction, etc. Bestselling
genre authors would be John Grisham, Sidney Sheldon, Stephen King, Dean Koontz,
Michael Connelly, Janet Evanovich, Danielle Steel, among others.
Literary fiction is character driven and appeals to a smaller, more
intellectual audience. A work of literary fiction may fall into any of the genres.
However, what sets it apart are such things as excellent writing and originality
of thought and style that raise it above ordinary writing. Examples of literary
fiction: Cold Mountain, To Kill a Mockingbird, The Grapes of Wrath. Popular
authors of literary fiction would be John LeCarre, Barbara Kingsolver, and Toni
Morrison, among others.
Mainstream fiction is a term publishers and booksellers use to describe both
commercial and literary works containing a universal theme that attracts a
broad audience. Usually set in the 20th or present-day 21st century, these books
deal with family issues, coming of age initiations, courtroom dramas, physical
and mental disabilities, social pressures, political intrigue, etc.
Regardless of genre or category, most of the novels on the bestseller list are
considered mainstream, including authors such as Sue Grafton, Michael Crichton, or
David Guterson.
The more narrowly defined categories of popular fiction that appeal to
specific audiences are classified as genre fiction.
Whatever genre you write, it's a good idea to read bestselling authors of
that genre. This will give you a good indication of what is selling. Study the
author's writing pace, plot, voice, characterization, and descriptive.
Genres:
Mystery is one of the most popular genres. All mysteries focus on a crime
committed, usually murder. One rule of thumb to remember: the dead body should
show up within the first three chapters; some publishers like it within the
first three pages. The action in a mystery will center on the attempts of a
detective or investigator to solve the crime. The mystery is a "puzzle" and engages
the brain.
Subgenres:
Cozy - takes place usually in one location, is very gentle, and contains a
bloodless crime. (Agatha Christie)
Amateur Sleuth - the amateur sleuth tries to solve the murder of someone
close; the need for solution is personal.
Professional sleuth - amateur sleuth in a professional setting, where inside
information is used and solving the crime returns order to a sheltered
environment. (Dick Frances)
Police procedural - emphasizes a law enforcement team's efforts using factual
police operations and techniques. (Ed McBain's 87th Precinct novels)
Legal/Medical - lawyer or doctor is the protagonist. These stories are
usually written by actual lawyers and doctors. (Robin Cook, John Grisham)
Suspense - in essence, the protagonist is the one being pursued instead of
the criminal.
Romantic suspense (also under romance genre) - Romance and suspense. (Linda
Howard, Mary Higgins Clark)
Historical - Mysteries set in the past.
Mixed Genre - Set in the future, combined with science fiction.
Private Eye - Speaks for itself. Usually a professional investigator with a
strong code of honor. (Sue Grafton's Kinsey Milhone)
Noir - Noir is a mood, gritty, bleak and unforgiving; stories from the other
side of the fence. The investigator is usually a flawed, weak character.
Hardboiled - could be grouped with noir, although the investigator is a hard,
tough character.
Crime - the suspense comes from wondering whether the plan will work and
rooting for the bad guys who are smart, organized, and daring. (The Thomas Crowne
Affaire)
Caper - comic crime story with a lovable bungler.
Romance is the most popular genre in terms of sales. A romance novel should
contain two basics: (1) a central love story, where the plot and most of the
conflict are focused on two people falling in love and their struggles to
maintain that love; (2) The "feel good" happy ending - romance readers want to see
the lovers come together at last.
Subgenres:
Contemporary romance - set in present time, usually contains elements of
suspense, humor, and/or drama.
Fantasy romance - takes place on other worlds and contains elements of magic.
May include mystical creatures or horror creatures such as vampires and
werewolves.
Futuristic or paranormal romance - set in the far future with science fiction
or fantastical elements.
Historical romance - set in the past, generally before the World Wars.
Paranormal romance - contains other-worldly elements such as ghosts,
spectrals, spirits, devils, demons, or angels. The characters may possess paranormal
powers.
Regency romance - set in England in the early 1800s. Generally has a stronger
focus on the surrounding society and interplay between characters. This at
one time was considered historical romance but has become so popular it has been
given its own category.
Romantic suspense - contains mystery and intrigue with a more dramatic tone
and is usually in a contemporary setting. (Also under the mystery genre)
Time-travel romance - set across two different time periods with time travel
between both by one or more characters.
Western romance - Usually categorized under historical romance, these are
stories of romances in the American old West.
Science Fiction was at one time all about science but has evolved into a
far-reaching field containing a variety of subgenres.
Subgenres:
Apocalyptic, holocaust, and post-apocalyptic - focuses on the end of the
world or the world after the end. (On the Beach)
Cross-genre - those that defy easy distinction between science fiction and
other genres; may blend science fiction with romance, mystery, suspense, etc.
Cyberpunk - depicts a high-tech, bleak, mechanistic and futuristic universe
of computers, hackers, and computer/human hybrids. (The Matrix)
First contact - initial meeting between humans and aliens. (The War of the
Worlds)
Hard science fiction - driven more by ideas than characterization. Science
and technology are central to the plot. Authors who write in this genre must
have a good grasp of the scientific principles involved. (Authors: Asimov and
Heinlein)
Light/humorous science fiction - spoofs a subgenre.
Military science fiction - future combat in space or another planet against
opponents such as aliens, machines, modified humans with high-tech weaponry.
Near-future science fiction - takes place in the present day or within next
the few decades. Setting should be familiar to the reader with current
technology or that being developed. Nanotechnology and genetics fall under this
subgenre.
Science fantasy/future fantasy - popular in the 1930s and 1940s, ignores
known laws or scientific theories.
Slipstream - contains a speculative element although deals with mainstream
themes.
Soft/sociological science fiction - Character-driven with emphasis on how
technology may affect an individual or social groups.
Space opera - involves good guys against bad guys (aliens, robots, other
humans) in space or on a distant place. (Star Wars)
Time travel - characters travel to the past or future. (The Time Machine)
Women's Fiction includes a focus on relationships with at least one strong
female protagonist, women triumphing over unbearable circumstances, and women
united in some way. (Barbara Taylor Bradford, Anne Rivers Siddons, Judith
Krantz, Anne Tyler).
Suspense/Thriller is tense and exciting with ingenious plotting, swift
action, and continual suspense. Dominated by action with a constant threat and a
protagonist pitted against an ominous villain. (John LeCarre, Ian Fleming, Clive
Cussler, Patricia Cornwell, Tony Hillerman, Lawrence Sanders, Scott Turow,
John Grisham, Tom Clancy)
The thriller is all about the chase and engages the senses, unlike the
mystery, which is about figuring out the puzzle.
Western - depicts life on America's western frontier post Civil War and
usually involves conflicts between cowboys and outlaws, Native Americans,
Easterners, or Westerners. (Zane Grey and Louis Lamour)
Horror - the intention is to frighten the reader by exploiting fears:
supernatural forces, aliens, madness, death, dismemberment, etc. (Stephen King, Dean
Koontz, Peter Straub, Clive Barker, Anne Rice)
Young Adult - the protagonist is in the 12-16 age range and speaks to the
concerns of teenagers. (J.K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter series,
Golding's Lord of the Flies)
Other Genres:
by Christy French,
2006
There are two main types of fiction: literary and commercial (more commonly
called genre or popular).
Christy Tillery French
P.O. Box 297
Heiskell TN 37754
E-mail:
readermail@ChristyFrench.Com
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